Items with Index Term: pre-construction

Abdalla, S B; Mushtaha, E; Rashid, M; Opoku, A; Hamad, R; Dweiri, F and Elmualim, A (2023) Pre-design CSFs (critical success factors) of building projects for dubai's development boom. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 13(3), pp. 359-374. ISSN 2044-124X

Abdel-Razek, R H (1998) Factors affecting construction quality in Egypt: Identification and relative importance. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 5(3), pp. 220-227. ISSN 0969-9988

Abdullah, A H; Yaman, S K; Mohammad, H and Hassan, P F (2018) Construction manager's technical competencies in Malaysian construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 25(2), pp. 153-177. ISSN 0969-9988

Adebisi, E O; Ojo, S O and Alao, O O (2018) Assessment of factors influencing the failure and abandonment of multi-storey building projects in Nigeria. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(2), pp. 210-231. ISSN 23984708

Adekunye, O J and Oke, A E (2023) Applicable areas of biomimicry principles for sustainable construction in Nigeria. Construction Innovation, 23(4), pp. 713-732. ISSN 1471-4175

Akomea-Frimpong, Isaac (2023) Developing a holistic financial risk management framework to optimize financial performance of public-private partnership projects in Ghana. PhD thesis, Western Sydney University, Australia.

AlMunifi, A A and Almutairi, S (2021) Lessons learned framework for efficient delivery of construction projects in Saudi Arabia. Construction Economics and Building, 21(4), pp. 115-141. ISSN 2204-9029

Alabi, A S; Adegbile, M; Alabi, O; Abisuga, O; Oyewole, K and Oshodi, O (2017) Stakeholders' role in disaster-risk-reduction of fire occurrences in Lagos metropolis. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 8(4), pp. 425-440. ISSN 1759-5916

Alade, W A (2020) Environmental and socio-economic impacts of Ojodu-Berger Road upgrade, Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Construction Business and Management, 4(1), pp. 24-33. ISSN 2521-0165

Alghamdi, A M (2022) A systemic approach for construction contract claims settlement in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. PhD thesis, University of Reading, UK.

Anugwo, I C; Appau, W M; Simpeh, F and Attakora-Amaniampong, E (2024) Exploring the challenges of hydraform blocks as a sustainable building material: The experts' view. In: Thomson, C (ed.) Proceedings of 40th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2024, London South Bank University, UK.

Araujo, Adolpho Guido de (2021) Methodology for evaluation of environmental aspects in urban subdivision works in the pre-construction phase. PhD thesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil.

Arroteia, Aline Valverde (2022) Critical success factors of BIM in the design and construction interface. PhD thesis, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.

Arrotéia, Aline Valverde (2022) Critical success factors for BIM in the design and construction interface. PhD thesis, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.

Atiq Ur Rehman, M; Chaabane, A and Khan, S A (2026) A novel decision support system for integrating supply chain and project management decisions to optimize multiple project performance: A case study in building renovation. International Journal of Construction Management, 26(1), pp. 29-53. ISSN 1562-3599

Ayegba, C (2018) Duties and required competencies of a management contractor. Journal of Construction Business and Management, 2(1), pp. 1-9. ISSN 2521-0165

Babazadeh, N; Teizer, J; Bargstädt, H J and Melzner, J (2025) Predictive simulation of construction site noise emissions from heavy equipment. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 14(3), pp. 715-739. ISSN 2046-6099

Badawy, M; El-Sheikh, R and Hamdy, K (2025) Sensitivity analysis of key factors influencing concession period estimation in PPP wastewater treatment projects: A system dynamics approach. Construction Economics and Building, 25(3-4), pp. 65-89. ISSN 2204-9029

Barajei, C; Appiah-Kubi, E; Kheni, N A; Yalley, P P K and Iddrisu, W (2024) Success factors of pre-construction stages of Ghanaian public road construction project life cycle. International Journal of Construction Management, 24(13), pp. 1444-1453. ISSN 1562-3599

Bhavsar, V; Thomas Alex, S; Vaishnav, P K; Jose, A; Koshy, N G and Atiwadkar, S (2022) Investigation of critical factors influencing construction of airports: The case of India. International Journal of Construction Management, 22(15), pp. 2905-2913. ISSN 1562-3599

Bingham, E (2014) Analysis of the state of practice and best practices for alternative project delivery methods in the transportation design and construction industry. PhD thesis, Arizona State University, USA.

Botha, P S; van der Walt, J D; Scheepbouwer, E and Barutha, P J (2024) A tool for reporting the optimal timing of preconstruction services in New Zealand. Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers: Management, Procurement and Law, 177(4), pp. 240-252. ISSN 17514304

Bråthen, K and Moum, A (2016) Bridging the gap: Bringing BIM to construction workers. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 23(6), pp. 751-764. ISSN 0969-9988

Cai, J; Li, Z; Dou, Y; Teng, Y and Yuan, M (2023) Contractor selection for green buildings based on the fuzzy kano model and TOPSIS: A developer satisfaction perspective. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(10), pp. 5073-5108. ISSN 0969-9988

Carmo, Cristiano Saad Travassos do (2023) A hybrid solution using stochastic and neural networks modeling for the consideration of safety uncertainties in construction planning methods. PhD thesis, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Chan, P L (2004) Critical success factors for delivering healthcare projects in Hong Kong. PhD thesis, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.

Christensen, A N (2019) Identifying private construction project owner inefficiencies that affect project goals. PhD thesis, Iowa State University, USA.

Cottrell, D S (1995) Enhancing construction productivity through continuous process improvements. PhD thesis, Texas A&M University, USA.

Dansoh, A; Frimpong, S and Oppong, G D (2020) Exploring the dimensions of traditional authority influencing stakeholder management at the pre-construction stage of infrastructure projects. Construction Management and Economics, 38(2), pp. 189-206. ISSN 01446193

Dejahang, F (2004) Determinants of productivity on construction sites. PhD thesis, London South Bank University, UK.

Dhungel, H (1996) Macroeconomic adjustments to large energy investments in a small controlled open economy: A policy analysis of hydropower development in Paraguay. PhD thesis, University of Pennsylvania, USA.

Elnaas H, A P G K (2013) A decision evaluation model to choose between manufacturing off-site or on-site methods for construction of house building projects. In: Smith, S D and Ahiaga-Dagbui, D D (eds.) Proceedings of 29th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2013, Reading, UK.

Essa, R and Fortune, C (2006) Project price forecasting processes and pre-construction evaluation of sustainable housing association projects. In: Boyd, D (ed.) Proceedings of 22nd Annual ARCOM Conference, 4-6 September 2006, Birmingham, UK.

Essa, R and Fortune, C (2008) Pre-construction evaluation practices of sustainable housing projects in the UK. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 15(6), pp. 514-526. ISSN 0969-9988

Essa, R A (2008) A framework for the pre-construction evaluation of sustainable housing projects in the UK. PhD thesis, Heriot-Watt University, UK.

Finnie, D; Ali, N A and Park, K (2018) Enhancing off-site manufacturing through early contractor involvement (ECI) in New Zealand. Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers: Management, Procurement and Law, 171(4), pp. 176-185. ISSN 17514304

Finnie, D; Ameer Ali, N and Park, K (2021) Early contractor involvement: a review of pre-construction service agreements. Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers: Management, Procurement and Law, 175(4), pp. 143-150. ISSN 17514304

Fung, W P (2015) Building information modeling (BIM) capabilities in quantity surveying practice during pre-construction stage: The relationship with project performance. PhD thesis, University of Malaya, Malaysia.

Gidado, K (2004) Enhancing the prime contractor's pre-construction planning. Journal of Construction Research, 5(1), pp. 87-106. ISSN 1609-9451

Gurmu, Argaw (2017) An investigation into construction management practices influencing labour productivity in multi-storey building projects. PhD thesis, University of Melbourne, Australia.

Hare, B and Cameron, I (2012) Health and safety gateways for construction project planning. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 19(2), pp. 192-204. ISSN 0969-9988

Hare, B; Cameron, I and Roy Duff, A (2006) Exploring the integration of health and safety with pre-construction planning. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 13(5), pp. 438-450. ISSN 0969-9988

Harun, Z B (1993) Computer simulation in decision support systems for management of construction projects. PhD thesis, University of Leeds, UK.

Hein, M F and Houck, K D (2008) Construction challenges of adaptive reuse of historical buildings in Europe. International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 4(2), pp. 115-131. ISSN 1557-8771

Herman, S S (2016) The motivation of quantity surveyors in the Malaysian construction industry for improved job performance. PhD thesis, University of Salford, UK.

Hossain, M M and Ahmed, S (2022) Developing an automated safety checking system using BIM: A case study in the Bangladeshi construction industry. International Journal of Construction Management, 22(7), pp. 1206-1224. ISSN 1562-3599

Hosseini, A (2019) Data-driven modeling of in-service performance of flexible pavements, using life-cycle information. PhD thesis, Temple University, USA.

Huang, Y L and Chou, S P (2006) Valuation of the minimum revenue guarantee and the option to abandon in BOT infrastructure projects. Construction Management and Economics, 24(4), pp. 379-389. ISSN 01446193

Huynh, N M; Le-Hoai, L; Chuong Nguyen, V H and Tran, C (2025) An assessment framework for underground construction methods in the pre-construction stage: a technical perspective. International Journal of Construction Management, 25(3), pp. 265-277. ISSN 1562-3599

Ishtiaque, T A and Klakegg, O J (2025) Effects of early contractor involvement in small construction projects: Lessons from Norway. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 15(4), pp. 879-893. ISSN 2044-124X

Jadidoleslami, S; Saghatforoush, E; Heravi, A and Preece, C (2022) A practical framework to facilitate constructability implementation using the integrated project delivery approach: A case study. International Journal of Construction Management, 22(7), pp. 1225-1239. ISSN 1562-3599

Jahan, Israt (2024) Life-cycle sustainability analysis of construction and demolition wood waste to achieve circular economy. PhD thesis, RMIT University, Australia.

Jones, B K (1998) A model for collaborative engineering the construction industry. PhD thesis, University of Southampton, UK.

Jones, Barry Kenneth (1998) A model for collaborative engineering in the construction industry. PhD thesis, University of Southampton, UK.

Kamel Hedayat Abad, M E (2017) Integration and interoperability of building envelope information and energy modeling. PhD thesis, Pennsylvania State University, USA.

Kim, D Y (2011) Construction planning and execution strategies for enhancing project success on electrical construction subcontracts. PhD thesis, University of Texas at Austin, USA.

Kirkham, R J (2002) A stochastic whole life cycle cost model for a national health service acute care hospital building. PhD thesis, University of Liverpool, UK.

Kordi, N E; Belayutham, S and Che Ibrahim, C K I (2025) Development and demonstration of a social sustainability assessment tool for the construction project life cycle. Construction Innovation, 25(1), pp. 161-186. ISSN 1471-4175

Koushki, P A; Al-Rashid, K and Kartam, N (2005) Delays and cost increases in the construction of private residential projects in Kuwait. Construction Management and Economics, 23(3), pp. 285-294. ISSN 01446193

Kuennen, S T (2002) Construction management practice in the execution of military construction projects. DEng thesis, Texas A&M University, USA.

Kylili, A; Georgali, P Z; Christou, P and Fokaides, P (2024) An integrated building information modeling (BIM)-based lifecycle-oriented framework for sustainable building design. Construction Innovation, 24(2), pp. 492-514. ISSN 1471-4175

Lam, P T I and Wong, F W H (2009) Improving building project performance: How buildability benchmarking can help. Construction Management and Economics, 27(1), pp. 41-52. ISSN 1466433X

Lingard, H; Pirzadeh, P; Blismas, N; Wakefield, R and Kleiner, B (2014) Exploring the link between early constructor involvement in project decision-making and the efficacy of health and safety risk control. Construction Management and Economics, 32(9), pp. 918-931. ISSN 01446193

Lingard, H; Saunders, L; Pirzadeh, P; Blismas, N; Kleiner, B and Wakefield, R (2015) The relationship between pre-construction decision-making and the effectiveness of risk control: Testing the time-safety influence curve. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 22(1), pp. 108-124. ISSN 0969-9988

Madushika, W H S; Perera, B A K S; Ekanayake, B J and Shen, G Q P (2020) Key performance indicators of value management in the Sri Lankan construction industry. International Journal of Construction Management, 20(2), pp. 157-168. ISSN 1562-3599

Manu, P; Ankrah, N; Proverbs, D and Suresh, S (2014) The health and safety impact of construction project features. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 21(1), pp. 65-93. ISSN 0969-9988

Manu, P A (2012) An investigation into the accident causal influence of construction project features. PhD thesis, University of Wolverhampton, UK.

Mardikoraem, M (2021) Essays on decision problems under uncertainty. PhD thesis, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, USA.

Matthews, J; Tyler, A and Thorpe, A (1996) Pre-construction project partnering: Developing the process. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 3(1-2), pp. 117-131. ISSN 0969-9988

Mehdi Riazi, Salman Riazi (2014) The use of supply chain management to reduce delays as result of pre-construction deficiencies in Malaysian public sector construction projects. PhD thesis, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.

Memić, N; Tadayon, A; Ishtiaque, T A; Klakegg, O J; Wondimu, P A and Lædre, O (2025) How to find the optimal time for contractor involvement in infrastructure projects? Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 32(11), pp. 7651-7677. ISSN 0969-9988

Menches, C L (2006) Effect of pre-construction planning on electrical project performance. PhD thesis, University of Wisconsin - Madison, USA.

Menches, C L; Hanna, A S; Nordheim, E V and Russell, J S (2008) Impact of pre-construction planning and project characteristics on performance in the US electrical construction industry. Construction Management and Economics, 26(8), pp. 855-869. ISSN 01446193

Metham, M and Benjaoran, V (2015) The assessment of greenhouse gas emissions for evaluating actual road construction operations. In: Raiden, A and Aboagye-Nimo, E (eds.) Proceedings of 31st Annual ARCOM Conference, 7-9 September 2015, Lincoln, UK.

Mitchell, A; Frame, I; Coday, A and Hoxley, M (2011) A conceptual framework of the interface between the design and construction processes. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 18(3), pp. 297-311. ISSN 0969-9988

Mohamed, M A; Hamzah, M J A; Pauzi, N N; Shahrudin, N S N and Sheffie, S I M (2023) The effect of COVID-19 on construction site personnel: Psychological and physiological perspectives. In: Tutesigensi, A and Neilson, C J (eds.) Proceedings of 39th Annual ARCOM Conference, 4-6 September 2023, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

Momennia Rankohi, S (2022) Investigating the concept of integration in construction projects: Cases of integrated project delivery and design for manufacturing and assembly. PhD thesis, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal, Canada.

Motaleb, O H (2014) Development of a risk response model to handle delays of construction projects in the United Arab Emirates. PhD thesis, Robert Gordon University, UK.

Muianga, Elisa Atália Daniel (2018) Evolutionary model for IPD implementation in construction projects with little diffusion of collaborative practices. PhD thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil.

Mun, H.; Jeong, J.; Jeong, J. and Kumi, L. (2026) Unsupervised learning approach for benchmark models to identify construction projects with high accident risk levels. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 33(5), pp. 3777-3798. ISSN 0969-9988

Mzyece, D; Ndekugri, I E and Ankrah, N A (2019) Building information modelling (BIM) and the CDM regulations interoperability framework. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(11), pp. 2682-2704. ISSN 0969-9988

Naderpajouh, N and Afshar, A (2008) A case-based reasoning approach to application of value engineering methodology in the construction industry. Construction Management and Economics, 26(4), pp. 363-372. ISSN 1466433X

Naoum, S G and Mustapha, F H (1995) Relationship between the building team, procurement methods and project performance. Journal of Construction Procurement, 1(1), pp. 50-63. ISSN 1358-9180

Ndekugri, I; Ankrah, N A and Adaku, E (2022) The design coordination role at the pre-construction stage of construction projects. Building Research & Information, 50(4), pp. 452-466. ISSN 0961-3218

Nie, P; Dahanayake, K C and Sumanarathna, N (2024) Exploring uae's transition towards circular economy through construction and demolition waste management in the pre-construction stage–a case study approach. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 13(2), pp. 246-266. ISSN 2046-6099

Oke, A. E.; Aliu, J. O.; Timothy Jesudaju, O.; Thomas Fagbe, A.; Aghimien, D. and Aigbavboa, C. O. (2025) Building a sustainable future: The role of digitalization in Nigerian heavy engineering projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 33(5), pp. 3957-3974. ISSN 0969-9988

Ophiyandri, T (2013) Project risk management for community-based post-disaster housing reconstruction. PhD thesis, University of Salford, UK.

Ophiyandri, T; Amaratunga, D and Keraminiyage, K (2016) Advantages and limitations of community-based post-disaster housing reconstruction projects. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 7(4), pp. 420-431. ISSN 1759-5916

Ophiyandri, T; Amaratunga, D; Pathirage, C and Keraminiyage, K (2013) Critical success factors for community-based post-disaster housing reconstruction projects in the pre-construction stage in Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 4(2), pp. 236-249. ISSN 1759-5916

Opoku, A and Ibrahim-Adam, R (2018) Early contractor involvement in government construction projects in Ghana. In: Gorse, C and Neilson, C J (eds.) Proceedings of 34th Annual ARCOM Conference, 3-5 September 2018, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK.

Otim, M A; Kyalisiima, C; Tutesigensi, A; Mutikanga, H E and Kayondo, M (2023) Avoiding disputes through effective procurement in large construction projects. In: Tutesigensi, A and Neilson, C J (eds.) Proceedings of 39th Annual ARCOM Conference, 4-6 September 2023, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

Persad, K R (1989) Management of the preconstruction process for highway projects using manpower demand prediction models. PhD thesis, University of Texas at Austin, USA.

Ren, Z; Anumba, G J and Ugwu, O O (2001) Construction claims management: Towards an agent-based approach. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 8(3), pp. 185-197. ISSN 0969-9988

Sabitu Oyegoke, A (2001) UK and US construction management contracting procedures and practices: A comparative study. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 8(5-6), pp. 403-417. ISSN 0969-9988

Safa, M; Shahi, A; Haas, C T and Hipel, K W (2017) Construction contract management using value packaging systems. International Journal of Construction Management, 17(1), pp. 50-64. ISSN 1562-3599

Sattary, S and Thorpe, D (2012) Optimizing embodied energy of building construction through bioclimatic principles. In: Smith, S D (ed.) Proceedings of 28th Annual ARCOM Conference, 3-5 September 2012, Edinburgh, UK.

Seadon, J and Tookey, J E (2019) Drivers for construction productivity. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(6), pp. 945-961. ISSN 0969-9988

Sing, M C P; Edwards, D J; Leung, A W T; Liu, H and Roberts, C J (2022) A theoretical framework for classifying project complexity at the preconstruction stage using cluster analysis techniques. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 29(9), pp. 3754-3774. ISSN 0969-9988

Slattery, K T and Slattery, D K (2013) Modeling earth surfaces for highway earthwork computation using terrestrial laser scanning. International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 9(2), pp. 132-146. ISSN 1557-8771

Sohn, T (2009) Determining durations for right-of-way acquisition and utility adjustment on highway projects. PhD thesis, University of Texas at Austin, USA.

Su, X (2013) A spatial temporal information model for construction planning. PhD thesis, Purdue University, USA.

Subbiah, A (2012) An investigation of the factors influencing the success of construction planning for the 2012 olympic stadium: An ethnographic study. In: Smith, S D (ed.) Proceedings of 28th Annual ARCOM Conference, 3-5 September 2012, Edinburgh, UK.

Tan, S Y and Zainon, N (2023) Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the quantity surveying practices in Malaysia. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(8), pp. 3480-3508. ISSN 0969-9988

Tas, E; Yaman, H and Tanacan, L (2008) A building material evaluation and selection model for the Turkish construction sector. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 15(2), pp. 149-163. ISSN 0969-9988

Tesfagaber, G (2004) Application of PSL to construction process information specification and exchange. PhD thesis, Loughborough University, UK.

Thoradeniya, D; Jayasinghe, C; Ariyaratne, I E and Basnayake, G B M A (2026) Construction quality framework for school buildings: Damage detection and rectification prioritization. International Journal of Construction Management, 26(4), pp. 660-678. ISSN 1562-3599

Thunberg, M (2016) Developing a framework for supply chain planning in construction. PhD thesis, Linköping University, Sweden.

Thunberg, M and Fredriksson, A (2018) Bringing planning back into the picture: how can supply chain planning aid in dealing with supply chain-related problems in construction? Construction Management and Economics, 36(8), pp. 425-442. ISSN 01446193

Trigunarsyah, B (2004) Project owners' role in improving constructability of construction projects: An example analysis for Indonesia. Construction Management and Economics, 22(8), pp. 861-876. ISSN 01446193

Valentin, V (2011) Impact assessment of inter-organizational dynamics on the performance metrics of capital-intensive projects. PhD thesis, Purdue University, USA.

Villa, J and Ariaratnam, S T (2013) Project management functions for the light industrial sector in Mexico. International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 9(3), pp. 163-182. ISSN 1557-8771

Wahab, A (2024) Integrating building information modeling (BIM) and blockchain technology in the pre-construction planning processes. PhD thesis, Mississippi State University, USA.

Wang, C; Liu, H; Sing, M C P and Wu, J (2024) Pre-construction duration of public-private partnership projects: Evidence from China. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 31(4), pp. 1715-1729. ISSN 0969-9988

Wang, X and Chong, H-Y (2015) Setting new trends of integrated building information modelling for construction industry. Construction Innovation, 15(1), pp. 2-6. ISSN 1471-4175

Wijewansha, A S; Tennakoon, G A; Waidyasekara, K and Ekanayake, B J (2021) Implementation of circular economy principles during pre-construction stage: The case of Sri Lanka. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 11(4), pp. 750-766. ISSN 2044-124X

Wood, H and Ashton, P (2009) Factors of complexity in construction projects. In: Dainty, A R J (ed.) Proceedings of 25th Annual ARCOM Conference, 7-9 September 2009, Nottingham, UK.

Wood, H L (2010) Modelling project complexity at the pre construction stage. PhD thesis, University of Brighton, UK.

Wood, H L and Ashton, P (2007) An investigation to identify the role of pre-construction site investigative information used by small medium sized enterprises (SME). In: Boyd, D (ed.) Proceedings of 23rd Annual ARCOM Conference, 3-5 September 2007, Belfast, UK.

Wood, H L and Ashton, P (2010) Modelling project complexity. In: Egbu, C (ed.) Proceedings of 26th Annual ARCOM Conference, 6-8 September 2010, Leeds, UK.

Wood, H L and Gidado, K (2008) An overview of complexity theory and its application to the construction industry. In: Dainty, A (ed.) Proceedings of 24th Annual ARCOM Conference, 1-3 September 2008, Cardiff, UK.

Yearsley, W S (2007) How differences in heavy civil project set-up practices impact performance. PhD thesis, Colorado State University, USA.